External parasites
External parasites can only be assessed using the catch and release method. Look for any evidence of external parasites (primarily lice and mites), generally occurring in the vent region or under the wing. Evidence can include parasites and/or eggs.
Commonly seen parasites:
Lice
Lice appear as small brownish "seed-like" parasites, as seen in the center of the red circles in the photo above. They are the larger of the two common parasites, and can easily be seen moving along the bird's skin. Lice also lay large clumps of white eggs at the base of the feathers.
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While most lice species can be found in the vent area, it is important to note that some species are found on other parts of the body. This photo shows an example of the shaft louse (dark spots in the feathers), which are most commonly found on the primary and secondary feathers of the wing. If time permits for a thorough examination of the hens, the wing, head, and neck feathers can also be observed for parasites. If time is limited, checking the vent for parasites will catch most infestations.
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Mites
Mites appear as small silver/gray or red specks on the feathers and skin of the birds. Mites will appear red if they have recently fed on blood. Mite infestations leave the feathers appearing dirty and ragged. These parasites are very small, and are often mistaken for dirt particles, although mites readily move when disturbed (as seen in the video below).
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Here is another example of the dirty appearance of feathers that occurs with mite infestations. The mites, themselves, are also observable toward the base of the feathers.
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